brew/Library/Homebrew/manpages/brew.1.md

brew(1) -- The missing package manager for OS X
===============================================

## SYNOPSIS

`brew` --version<br>
`brew` command [--verbose|-v] [options] [formula] ...

## DESCRIPTION

Homebrew is the easiest and most flexible way to install the UNIX tools Apple
didn't include with OS X.

## ESSENTIAL COMMANDS

For the full command list, see the COMMANDS section.

With `--verbose` or `-v`, many commands print extra debugging information.
Note that these flags should only appear after a command.

  * `install` <formula>:
    Install <formula>.

  * `remove` <formula>:
    Uninstall <formula>.

  * `update`:
    Fetch the newest version of Homebrew from GitHub using `git`(1).

  * `list`:
    List all installed formulae.

  * `search` <text>|/<text>/:
    Perform a substring search of formula names for <text>. If <text> is
    surrounded with slashes, then it is interpreted as a regular expression.
    The search for <text> is extended online to some popular taps.
    If no search term is given, all locally available formulae are listed.

## COMMANDS

  * `audit` [--strict] [--online] [<formulae>]:
    Check <formulae> for Homebrew coding style violations. This should be
    run before submitting a new formula.

    If no <formulae> are provided, all of them are checked.

    If `--strict` is passed, additional checks are run. This should be used
    when creating for new formulae.

    If `--online` is passed, additional slower checks that require a network
    connection are run. This should be used when creating for new formulae.

    `audit` exits with a non-zero status if any errors are found. This is useful,
    for instance, for implementing pre-commit hooks.

  * `cat` <formula>:
    Display the source to <formula>.

  * `cleanup [--force] [--prune=<days>] [-ns]` [<formulae>]:
    For all installed or specific formulae, remove any older versions from the
    cellar. By default, does not remove out-of-date keg-only brews, as other
    software may link directly to specific versions. In addition old downloads from
    the Homebrew download-cache are deleted.

    If `--force` is passed, remove out-of-date keg-only brews as well.

    If `--prune=<days>` is specified, remove all cache files older than <days>.

    If `-n` is passed, show what would be removed, but do not actually remove anything.

    If `-s` is passed, scrubs the cache, removing downloads for even the latest
    versions of formula. Note downloads for any installed formula will still not be
    deleted. If you want to delete those too: `rm -rf $(brew --cache)`

  * `command` <cmd>:
    Display the path to the file which is used when invoking `brew <cmd>`.

  * `commands [--quiet [--include-aliases]]`:
    Show a list of built-in and external commands.

    If `--quiet` is passed, list only the names of commands without the header.
    With `--include-aliases`, the aliases of internal commands will be included.

  * `config`:
    Show Homebrew and system configuration useful for debugging. If you file
    a bug report, you will likely be asked for this information if you do not
    provide it.

  * `create <URL> [--autotools|--cmake] [--no-fetch] [--set-name <name>] [--set-version <version>]`:
    Generate a formula for the downloadable file at <URL> and open it in the editor.
    Homebrew will attempt to automatically derive the formula name
    and version, but if it fails, you'll have to make your own template. The wget
    formula serves as a simple example. For a complete cheat-sheet, have a look at

    `$(brew --repository)/Library/Contributions/example-formula.rb`

    If `--autotools` is passed, create a basic template for an Autotools-style build.
    If `--cmake` is passed, create a basic template for a CMake-style build.

    If `--no-fetch` is passed, Homebrew will not download <URL> to the cache and
    will thus not add the SHA-1 to the formula for you.

    The options `--set-name` and `--set-version` each take an argument and allow
    you to explicitly set the name and version of the package you are creating.

  * `deps [--1] [-n] [--union] [--tree] [--all] [--installed] [--skip-build] [--skip-optional]` <formulae>:
    Show dependencies for <formulae>. When given multiple formula arguments,
    show the intersection of dependencies for <formulae>, except when passed
    `--tree`, `--all`, or `--installed`.

    If `--1` is passed, only show dependencies one level down, instead of
    recursing.

    If `-n` is passed, show dependencies in topological order.

    If `--union` is passed, show the union of dependencies for <formulae>,
    instead of the intersection.

    If `--tree` is passed, show dependencies as a tree.

    If `--all` is passed, show dependencies for all formulae.

    If `--installed` is passed, show dependencies for all installed formulae.

    By default, `deps` shows dependencies for <formulae>. To skip the `:build`
    type dependencies, pass `--skip-build`. Similarly, pass `--skip-optional`
    to skip `:optional` dependencies.

  * `diy [--name=<name>] [--version=<version>]`:
    Automatically determine the installation prefix for non-Homebrew software.

    Using the output from this command, you can install your own software into
    the Cellar and then link it into Homebrew's prefix with `brew link`.

    The options `--name=<name>` and `--version=<version>` each take an argument
    and allow you to explicitly set the name and version of the package you are
    installing.

  * `doctor`:
    Check your system for potential problems. Doctor exits with a non-zero status
    if any problems are found.

  * `edit`:
    Open all of Homebrew for editing.

  * `edit` <formula>:
    Open <formula> in the editor.

  * `fetch [--force] [-v] [--devel|--HEAD] [--deps] [--build-from-source|--force-bottle]` <formulae>:
    Download the source packages for the given <formulae>.
    For tarballs, also print SHA1 and SHA-256 checksums.

    If `--HEAD` or `--devel` is passed, fetch that version instead of the
    stable version.

    If `-v` is passed, do a verbose VCS checkout, if the URL represents a CVS.
    This is useful for seeing if an existing VCS cache has been updated.

    If `--force` is passed, remove a previously cached version and re-fetch.

    If `--deps` is passed, also download dependencies for any listed <formulae>.

    If `--build-from-source` is passed, download the source rather than a
    bottle.

    If `--force-bottle` is passed, download a bottle if it exists for the current
    version of OS X, even if it would not be used during installation.

  * `home`:
    Open Homebrew's own homepage in a browser.

  * `home` <formula>:
    Open <formula>'s homepage in a browser.

  * `info` <formula>:
    Display information about <formula>.

  * `info --github` <formula>:
    Open a browser to the GitHub History page for formula <formula>.

    To view formula history locally: `brew log -p <formula>`.

  * `info --json=<version>` (--all|--installed|<formulae>):
    Print a JSON representation of <formulae>. Currently the only accepted value
    for <version> is `v1`.

    Pass `--all` to get information on all formulae, or `--installed` to get
    information on all installed formulae.

    See the docs for examples of using the JSON:
    <https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/Querying-Brew.md>

  * `install [--debug] [--env=<std|super>] [--ignore-dependencies] [--only-dependencies] [--cc=<compiler>] [--build-from-source|--force-bottle] [--devel|--HEAD]` <formula>:
    Install <formula>.

    <formula> is usually the name of the formula to install, but it can be specified
    several different ways. See [SPECIFYING FORMULAE][].

    If `--debug` is passed and brewing fails, open an interactive debugging
    session with access to IRB or a shell inside the temporary build directory.

    If `--env=std` is passed, use the standard build environment instead of superenv.

    If `--env=super` is passed, use superenv even if the formula specifies the
    standard build environment.

    If `--ignore-dependencies` is passed, skip installing any dependencies of
    any kind. If they are not already present, the formula will probably fail
    to install.

    If `--only-dependencies` is passed, install the dependencies with specified
    options but do not install the specified formula.

    If `--cc=<compiler>` is passed, attempt to compile using <compiler>.
    <compiler> should be the name of the compiler's executable, for instance
    `gcc-4.2` for Apple's GCC 4.2, or `gcc-4.9` for a Homebrew-provided GCC
    4.9.

    If `--build-from-source` is passed, compile from source even if a bottle
    is provided for <formula>.

    If `--force-bottle` is passed, install from a bottle if it exists
    for the current version of OS X, even if custom options are given.

    If `--devel` is passed, and <formula> defines it, install the development version.

    If `--HEAD` is passed, and <formula> defines it, install the HEAD version,
    aka master, trunk, unstable.

    To install a newer version of HEAD use
    `brew rm <foo> && brew install --HEAD <foo>`.

  * `install --interactive [--git]` <formula>:
    Download and patch <formula>, then open a shell. This allows the user to
    run `./configure --help` and otherwise determine how to turn the software
    package into a Homebrew formula.

    If `--git` is passed, Homebrew will create a Git repository, useful for
    creating patches to the software.

  * `irb [--examples]`:
    Enter the interactive Homebrew Ruby shell.

    If `--examples` is passed, several examples will be shown.

  * `leaves`:
    Show installed formulae that are not dependencies of another installed formula.

  * `ln`, `link [--overwrite] [--dry-run] [--force]` <formula>:
    Symlink all of <formula>'s installed files into the Homebrew prefix. This
    is done automatically when you install formulae but can be useful for DIY
    installations.

    If `--overwrite` is passed, Homebrew will delete files which already exist in
    the prefix while linking.

    If `--dry-run` or `-n` is passed, Homebrew will list all files which would
    be linked or which would be deleted by `brew link --overwrite`, but will not
    actually link or delete any files.

    If `--force` is passed, Homebrew will allow keg-only formulae to be linked.

  * `linkapps [--local]` [<formulae>]:
    Find installed formulae that have compiled `.app`-style "application"
    packages for OS X, and symlink those apps into `/Applications`, allowing
    for easier access.

    If no <formulae> are provided, all of them will have their .apps symlinked.

    If provided, `--local` will move them into the user's `~/Applications`
    directory instead of the system directory. It may need to be created, first.

  * `ls, list [--full-name]`
    List all installed formulae. If `--full-name` is passed, print formulae with
    full-qualified names.

  * `ls, list --unbrewed`
    List all files in the Homebrew prefix not installed by Homebrew.

  * `ls, list [--versions [--multiple]] [--pinned]` [<formulae>]:
    List the installed files for <formulae>. Combined with `--verbose`, recursively
    list the contents of all subdirectories in each <formula>'s keg.

    If `--versions` is passed, show the version number for installed formulae,
    or only the specified formulae if <formulae> are given. With `--multiple`,
    only show formulae with multiple versions installed.

    If `--pinned` is passed, show the versions of pinned formulae, or only the
    specified (pinned) formulae if <formulae> are given.
    See also `pin`, `unpin`.

  * `log [git-log-options]` <formula> ...:
    Show the git log for the given formulae. Options that `git-log`(1)
    recognizes can be passed before the formula list.

  * `missing` [<formulae>]:
    Check the given <formulae> for missing dependencies.

    If no <formulae> are given, check all installed brews.

  * `options [--compact] [--all] [--installed]` <formula>:
    Display install options specific to <formula>.

    If `--compact` is passed, show all options on a single line separated by
    spaces.

    If `--all` is passed, show options for all formulae.

    If `--installed` is passed, show options for all installed formulae.

  * `outdated [--quiet | --verbose | --json=v1 ]`:
    Show formulae that have an updated version available.

    By default, version information is displayed in interactive shells, and
    suppressed otherwise.

    If `--quiet` is passed, list only the names of outdated brews (takes
    precedence over `--verbose`).

    If `--verbose` is passed, display detailed version information.

    If `--json=<version>` is passed, the output will be in JSON format. The only
    valid version is `v1`.

  * `pin` <formulae>:
    Pin the specified <formulae>, preventing them from being upgraded when
    issuing the `brew upgrade --all` command. See also `unpin`.

  * `prune`:
    Remove dead symlinks from the Homebrew prefix. This is generally not
    needed, but can be useful when doing DIY installations.

  * `reinstall` <formula>:
    Uninstall then install <formula>

  * `rm`, `remove`, `uninstall [--force]` <formula>:
    Uninstall <formula>.

    If `--force` is passed, and there are multiple versions of <formula>
    installed, delete all installed versions.

  * `search`, `-S`:
    Display all locally available formulae for brewing (including tapped ones).
    No online search is performed if called without arguments.

  * `search`, `-S` <text>|/<text>/:
    Perform a substring search of formula names for <text>. If <text> is
    surrounded with slashes, then it is interpreted as a regular expression.
    The search for <text> is extended online to some popular taps.

  * `search --debian`|`--fedora`|`--fink`|`--macports`|`--opensuse`|`--ubuntu` <text>:
    Search for <text> in the given package manager's list.

  * `sh [--env=std]`:
    Instantiate a Homebrew build environment. Uses our years-battle-hardened
    Homebrew build logic to help your `./configure && make && make install`
    or even your `gem install` succeed. Especially handy if you run Homebrew
    in a Xcode-only configuration since it adds tools like make to your PATH
    which otherwise build-systems would not find.

  * `switch` <name> <version>:
    Symlink all of the specific <version> of <name>'s install to Homebrew prefix.

  * `tap` [--full] [<user/repo>] [<URL>]:
    Tap a formula repository or list existing taps. This command can be invoked
    in three ways.

    + `tap` without arguments displays existing taps.

    + `tap <user/repo>` taps a formula repository from GitHub using HTTPS.
      Since so many taps are hosted on GitHub, this command is a shortcut for
      `tap user/repo https://github.com/#{user}/homebrew-#{repo}`.

    + `tap <user/repo> <URL>` taps a formula repository from anywhere, using
      any transport protocol that `git` handles. The one-argument form of `tap`
      simplifies but also limits.  This two-argument command makes no
      assumptions, so taps can be cloned from places other than GitHub and
      using protocols other than HTTPS, e.g., SSH, GIT, HTTP, FTP(S), RSYNC.

    By default, the repository is cloned as a shallow copy (`--depth=1`), but
    if `--full` is passed, a full clone will be used.

  * `tap --repair`:
    Migrate tapped formulae from symlink-based to directory-based structure.

  * `tap-info` <tap>:
    Display information about <tap>.

  * `tap-info --json=<version>` (--installed|<taps>):
    Print a JSON representation of <taps>. Currently the only accepted value
    for <version> is `v1`.

    Pass `--installed` to get information on installed taps.

    See the docs for examples of using the JSON:
    <https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/Querying-Brew.md>

  * `tap-pin` <tap>:
    Pin <tap>, prioritizing its formulae over core when formula names are supplied
    by the user. See also `tap-unpin`.

  * `tap-unpin` <tap>:
    Unpin <tap> so its formulae are no longer prioritized. See also `tap-pin`.

  * `test` [--devel|--HEAD] [--debug] <formula>:
    A few formulae provide a test method. `brew test <formula>` runs this
    test method. There is no standard output or return code, but it should
    generally indicate to the user if something is wrong with the installed
    formula.

    To test the development or head version of a formula, use `--devel` or
    `--HEAD`.

    If `--debug` is passed and the test fails, an interactive debugger will be
    launched with access to IRB or a shell inside the temporary test directory.

    Example: `brew install jruby && brew test jruby`

  * `unlink` <formula>:
    Remove symlinks for <formula> from the Homebrew prefix. This can be useful
    for temporarily disabling a formula:
    `brew unlink foo && commands && brew link foo`.

  * `unlinkapps [--local]` [<formulae>]:
    Removes links created by `brew linkapps`.

    If no <formulae> are provided, all linked app will be removed.

  * `unpack [--git|--patch] [--destdir=<path>]` <formulae>:
    Unpack the source files for <formulae> into subdirectories of the current
    working directory. If `--destdir=<path>` is given, the subdirectories will
    be created in the directory named by `<path>` instead.

    If `--patch` is passed, patches for <formulae> will be applied to the
    unpacked source.

    If `--git` is passed, a Git repository will be initalized in the unpacked
    source. This is useful for creating patches for the software.

  * `unpin` <formulae>:
    Unpin <formulae>, allowing them to be upgraded by `brew upgrade --all`. See also
    `pin`.

  * `untap` <tap>:
    Remove a tapped repository.

  * `update [--rebase]`:
    Fetch the newest version of Homebrew and all formulae from GitHub using
     `git`(1).

    If `--rebase` is specified then `git pull --rebase` is used.

  * `upgrade [install-options]` [<formulae>]:
    Upgrade outdated, unpinned brews.

    Options for the `install` command are also valid here.

    If <formulae> are given, upgrade only the specified brews (but do so even
    if they are pinned; see `pin`, `unpin`).

  * `uses [--installed] [--recursive] [--skip-build] [--skip-optional] [--devel|--HEAD]` <formulae>:
    Show the formulae that specify <formulae> as a dependency. When given
    multiple formula arguments, show the intersection of formulae that use
    <formulae>.

    Use `--recursive` to resolve more than one level of dependencies.

    If `--installed` is passed, only list installed formulae.

    By default, `uses` shows all formulae that specify <formulae> as a dependency.
    To skip the `:build` type dependencies, pass `--skip-build`. Similarly, pass
    `--skip-optional` to skip `:optional` dependencies.

    By default, `uses` shows usages of `formula` by stable builds. To find
    cases where `formula` is used by development or HEAD build, pass
    `--devel` or `--HEAD`.

  * `--cache`:
    Display Homebrew's download cache. See also `HOMEBREW_CACHE`.

  * `--cache` <formula>:
    Display the file or directory used to cache <formula>.

  * `--cellar`:
    Display Homebrew's Cellar path. *Default:* `$(brew --prefix)/Cellar`, or if
    that directory doesn't exist, `$(brew --repository)/Cellar`.

  * `--cellar` <formula>:
    Display the location in the cellar where <formula> would be installed,
    without any sort of versioned directory as the last path.

  * `--env`:
    Show a summary of the Homebrew build environment.

  * `--prefix`:
    Display Homebrew's install path. *Default:* `/usr/local`

  * `--prefix` <formula>:
    Display the location in the cellar where <formula> is or would be installed.

  * `--repository`:
    Display where Homebrew's `.git` directory is located. For standard installs,
    the `prefix` and `repository` are the same directory.

  * `--version`:
    Print the version number of brew to standard error and exit.

## EXTERNAL COMMANDS

Homebrew, like `git`(1), supports external commands. These are executable
scripts that reside somewhere in the PATH, named `brew-<cmdname>` or
`brew-<cmdname>.rb`, which can be invoked like `brew cmdname`. This allows you
to create your own commands without modifying Homebrew's internals.

Instructions for creating your own commands can be found in the docs:
<https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/External-Commands.md>

## SPECIFYING FORMULAE

Many Homebrew commands accept one or more <formula> arguments. These arguments
can take several different forms:

  * The name of a formula:
    e.g. `git`, `node`, `wget`.

  * The fully-qualified name of a tapped formula:
    Sometimes a formula from a tapped repository may conflict with one in Homebrew/homebrew.
    You can still access these formulae by using a special syntax, e.g.
    `homebrew/dupes/vim` or `homebrew/versions/node4`.

  * An arbitrary URL:
    Homebrew can install formulae via URL, e.g.
    `https://raw.github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/master/Library/Formula/git.rb`.
    The formula file will be cached for later use.

## ENVIRONMENT

  * AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
    When using the S3 download strategy, Homebrew will look in
    these variables for access credentials (see
    <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-getting-started.html#cli-environment>
    to retrieve these access credentials from AWS).  If they are not set,
    the S3 download strategy will download with a public
    (unsigned) URL.

  * BROWSER:
    If set, and `HOMEBREW_BROWSER` is not, use `BROWSER` as the web browser
    when opening project homepages.

  * EDITOR:
    If set, and `HOMEBREW_EDITOR` and `VISUAL` are not, use `EDITOR` as the text editor.

  * GIT:
    When using Git, Homebrew will use `GIT` if set,
    a Homebrew-built Git if installed, or the system-provided binary.

    Set this to force Homebrew to use a particular git binary.

  * HOMEBREW\_BOTTLE\_DOMAIN:
    If set, instructs Homebrew to use the given URL as a download mirror for bottles.

  * HOMEBREW\_BROWSER:
    If set, uses this setting as the browser when opening project homepages,
    instead of the OS default browser.

  * HOMEBREW\_BUILD\_FROM\_SOURCE:
    If set, instructs Homebrew to compile from source even when a formula
    provides a bottle.

  * HOMEBREW\_CACHE:
    If set, instructs Homebrew to use the given directory as the download cache.

    *Default:* `~/Library/Caches/Homebrew` if it exists; otherwise,
    `/Library/Caches/Homebrew`.

  * HOMEBREW\_CURL\_VERBOSE:
    If set, Homebrew will pass `--verbose` when invoking `curl`(1).

  * HOMEBREW\_DEBUG:
    If set, any commands that can emit debugging information will do so.

  * HOMEBREW\_DEBUG\_INSTALL:
    When `brew install -d` or `brew install -i` drops into a shell,
    `HOMEBREW_DEBUG_INSTALL` will be set to the name of the formula being
    brewed.

  * HOMEBREW\_DEBUG\_PREFIX:
    When `brew install -d` or `brew install -i` drops into a shell,
    `HOMEBREW_DEBUG_PREFIX` will be set to the target prefix in the Cellar
    of the formula being brewed.

  * HOMEBREW\_DEVELOPER:
    If set, Homebrew will print warnings that are only relevant to Homebrew
    developers (active or budding).

  * HOMEBREW\_EDITOR:
    If set, Homebrew will use this editor when editing a single formula, or
    several formulae in the same directory.

    *NOTE*: `brew edit` will open all of Homebrew as discontinuous files and
    directories. TextMate can handle this correctly in project mode, but many
    editors will do strange things in this case.

  * HOMEBREW\_GITHUB\_API\_TOKEN:
    A personal access token for the GitHub API, which you can create at
    <https://github.com/settings/tokens>. If set, GitHub will allow you a
    greater number of API requests. See
    <https://developer.github.com/v3/#rate-limiting> for more information.
    Homebrew uses the GitHub API for features such as `brew search`.

  * HOMEBREW\_LOGS:
    If set, Homebrew will use the given directory to store log files.

  * HOMEBREW\_MAKE\_JOBS:
    If set, instructs Homebrew to use the value of `HOMEBREW_MAKE_JOBS` as
    the number of parallel jobs to run when building with `make`(1).

    *Default:* the number of available CPU cores.

  * HOMEBREW\_NO\_EMOJI:
    If set, Homebrew will not print the `HOMEBREW_INSTALL_BADGE` on a
    successful build.

    *Note:* Homebrew will only try to print emoji on Lion or newer.

  * HOMEBREW\_NO\_INSECURE\_REDIRECT:
    If set, Homebrew will not permit redirects from secure HTTPS
    to insecure HTTP.

    While ensuring your downloads are fully secure, this is likely
    to cause from-source Sourceforge & GNOME based formulae
    to fail to download.

    Apache formulae are currently unaffected by this variable and
    can redirect to plaintext.

  * HOMEBREW\_NO\_GITHUB\_API:
    If set, Homebrew will not use the GitHub API for e.g searches or
    fetching relevant issues on a failed install.

  * HOMEBREW\_INSTALL\_BADGE:
    Text printed before the installation summary of each successful build.
    Defaults to the beer emoji.

  * HOMEBREW\_SVN:
    When exporting from Subversion, Homebrew will use `HOMEBREW_SVN` if set,
    a Homebrew-built Subversion if installed, or the system-provided binary.

    Set this to force Homebrew to use a particular svn binary.

  * HOMEBREW\_TEMP:
    If set, instructs Homebrew to use `HOMEBREW_TEMP` as the temporary directory
    for building packages. This may be needed if your system temp directory and
    Homebrew Prefix are on different volumes, as OS X has trouble moving
    symlinks across volumes when the target does not yet exist.

    This issue typically occurs when using FileVault or custom SSD
    configurations.

  * HOMEBREW\_VERBOSE:
    If set, Homebrew always assumes `--verbose` when running commands.

  * VISUAL:
    If set, and `HOMEBREW_EDITOR` is not, use `VISUAL` as the text editor.

## USING HOMEBREW BEHIND A PROXY

Homebrew uses several commands for downloading files (e.g. curl, git, svn).
Many of these tools can download via a proxy. It's common for these tools
to read proxy parameters from environment variables.

For the majority of cases setting `http_proxy` is enough. You can set this in
your shell profile, or you can use it before a brew command:

    http_proxy=http://<host>:<port> brew install foo

If your proxy requires authentication:

    http_proxy=http://<user>:<password>@<host>:<port> brew install foo

## SEE ALSO

Homebrew Documentation: <https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/>

`git`(1), `git-log`(1)

## AUTHORS

Homebrew's current maintainers are Misty De Meo, Adam Vandenberg, Xu Cheng, Mike McQuaid, Baptiste Fontaine, Brett Koonce, Dominyk Tiller, Tim Smith and Alex Dunn.

Homebrew was originally created by Max Howell.

## BUGS

See Issues on GitHub: <https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/issues>