diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cmd/outdated.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cmd/outdated.rb
index d2c449823e..17f52b1f68 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cmd/outdated.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cmd/outdated.rb
@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@ module Homebrew
         if verbose?
           outdated_kegs = f.outdated_kegs(fetch_head: args.fetch_HEAD?)
 
-          current_version = if ENV["HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API"].present? && (f.core_formula? || f.tap.blank?)
+          current_version = if !f.head? && ENV["HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API"].present? &&
+                               (f.core_formula? || f.tap.blank?)
             Homebrew::API::Versions.latest_formula_version(f.name)&.to_s || f.pkg_version.to_s
           elsif f.alias_changed? && !f.latest_formula.latest_version_installed?
             latest = f.latest_formula
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cmd/upgrade.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cmd/upgrade.rb
index 8182bb8e87..715bd8f859 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cmd/upgrade.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cmd/upgrade.rb
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@ module Homebrew
 
     if ENV["HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API"].present?
       formulae_to_install.map! do |formula|
+        next formula if formula.head?
         next formula if formula.tap.present? && !formula.core_formula?
         next formula unless Homebrew::API::Bottle.available?(formula.name)
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb b/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
index e4d3929b99..da242fcbf8 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@ class Formula
   # e.g. `this-formula`
   attr_reader :name
 
+  # The path to the alias that was used to identify this {Formula}.
+  # e.g. `/usr/local/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core/Aliases/another-name-for-this-formula`
+  attr_reader :bottle_path
+
   # The path to the alias that was used to identify this {Formula}.
   # e.g. `/usr/local/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core/Aliases/another-name-for-this-formula`
   attr_reader :alias_path
@@ -308,9 +312,20 @@ class Formula
     full_name_with_optional_tap(installed_alias_name)
   end
 
+  def prefix_formula_file
+    return unless prefix.directory?
+
+    prefix/".brew/#{name}.rb"
+  end
+
   # The path that was specified to find this formula.
   def specified_path
-    alias_path || path
+    default_specified_path = alias_path || path
+
+    return default_specified_path if default_specified_path.present? && default_specified_path.exist?
+    return local_bottle_path if local_bottle_path.present? && local_bottle_path.exist?
+
+    default_specified_path
   end
 
   # The name specified to find this formula.
@@ -523,7 +538,7 @@ class Formula
   # exists and is not empty.
   # @private
   def latest_version_installed?
-    latest_prefix = if ENV["HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API"].present? &&
+    latest_prefix = if !head? && ENV["HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API"].present? &&
                        (latest_pkg_version = Homebrew::API::Versions.latest_formula_version(name))
       prefix latest_pkg_version
     else
@@ -1343,7 +1358,7 @@ class Formula
     Formula.cache[:outdated_kegs][cache_key] ||= begin
       all_kegs = []
       current_version = T.let(false, T::Boolean)
-      latest_version = if ENV["HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API"].present? && (core_formula? || tap.blank?)
+      latest_version = if !head? && ENV["HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API"].present? && (core_formula? || tap.blank?)
         Homebrew::API::Versions.latest_formula_version(name) || pkg_version
       else
         pkg_version
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/formula_cellar_checks.rb b/Library/Homebrew/formula_cellar_checks.rb
index 721baa0696..ee08ec7fd6 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/formula_cellar_checks.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/formula_cellar_checks.rb
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ module FormulaCellarChecks
   def check_cpuid_instruction(formula)
     return unless formula.prefix.directory?
     # TODO: add methods to `utils/ast` to allow checking for method use
-    return unless formula.path.read.include? "ENV.runtime_cpu_detection"
+    return unless formula.prefix_formula_file.read.include? "ENV.runtime_cpu_detection"
     # Checking for `cpuid` only makes sense on Intel:
     # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUID
     return unless Hardware::CPU.intel?
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/tab.rb b/Library/Homebrew/tab.rb
index 7ce6b00c08..8dba8022f6 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/tab.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/tab.rb
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class Tab < OpenStruct
       "source"                  => {
         "path"         => formula.specified_path.to_s,
         "tap"          => formula.tap&.name,
-        "tap_git_head" => formula.tap&.git_head,
+        "tap_git_head" => nil, # Filled in later if possible
         "spec"         => formula.active_spec_sym.to_s,
         "versions"     => {
           "stable"         => formula.stable&.version.to_s,
@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ class Tab < OpenStruct
       "built_on"                => DevelopmentTools.build_system_info,
     }
 
+    # We can only get `tap_git_head` if the tap is installed locally
+    attributes["source"]["tap_git_head"] = formula.tap.git_head if formula.tap&.installed?
+
     new(attributes)
   end