diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/download_strategy.rb b/Library/Homebrew/download_strategy.rb
index 0c0836cbb1..427eacefbe 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/download_strategy.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/download_strategy.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# typed: false
+# typed: true
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require "json"
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ class AbstractDownloadStrategy
       return
     end
 
-    if File.directory? entries.first
-      Dir.chdir(entries.first, &block)
+    if File.directory? entries.fetch(0)
+      Dir.chdir(entries.fetch(0), &block)
     else
       yield
     end
@@ -472,7 +472,6 @@ class CurlDownloadStrategy < AbstractFileDownloadStrategy
     lines = output.to_s.lines.map(&:chomp)
 
     final_url = curl_response_follow_redirections(parsed_output[:responses], url)
-    final_url ||= url
 
     content_disposition_parser = Mechanize::HTTP::ContentDispositionParser.new
 
@@ -603,7 +602,6 @@ class CurlGitHubPackagesDownloadStrategy < CurlDownloadStrategy
   attr_writer :resolved_basename
 
   def initialize(url, name, version, **meta)
-    meta ||= {}
     meta[:headers] ||= []
     # GitHub Packages authorization header.
     # HOMEBREW_GITHUB_PACKAGES_AUTH set in brew.sh
@@ -723,7 +721,7 @@ class SubversionDownloadStrategy < VCSDownloadStrategy
   # @api public
   sig { returns(Time) }
   def source_modified_time
-    time = if Version.create(Utils::Svn.version) >= Version.create("1.9")
+    time = if Version.create(T.must(Utils::Svn.version)) >= Version.create("1.9")
       out, = silent_command("svn", args: ["info", "--show-item", "last-changed-date"], chdir: cached_location)
       out
     else
@@ -913,7 +911,7 @@ class GitDownloadStrategy < VCSDownloadStrategy
     args << "--no-checkout" << "--filter=blob:none" if partial_clone_sparse_checkout?
 
     args << "-c" << "advice.detachedHead=false" # silences detached head warning
-    args << @url << cached_location
+    args << @url << cached_location.to_s
   end
 
   sig { returns(String) }
@@ -1071,14 +1069,15 @@ class GitHubGitDownloadStrategy < GitDownloadStrategy
   def initialize(url, name, version, **meta)
     super
 
-    return unless %r{^https?://github\.com/(?<user>[^/]+)/(?<repo>[^/]+)\.git$} =~ @url
-
-    @user = user
-    @repo = repo
+    match_data = %r{^https?://github\.com/(?<user>[^/]+)/(?<repo>[^/]+)\.git$}.match(@url)
+    if match_data
+      @user = match_data[:user]
+      @repo = match_data[:repo]
+    end
   end
 
   def commit_outdated?(commit)
-    @last_commit ||= GitHub.last_commit(@user, @repo, @ref)
+    @last_commit ||= GitHub.last_commit(@user, @repo, @ref, version)
     if @last_commit
       return true unless commit
       return true unless @last_commit.start_with?(commit)
@@ -1103,7 +1102,7 @@ class GitHubGitDownloadStrategy < GitDownloadStrategy
     end
   end
 
-  sig { returns(String) }
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
   def default_branch
     return @default_branch if defined?(@default_branch)
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/download_strategy.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/download_strategy.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..332786054d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/download_strategy.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# typed: strict
+
+module AbstractDownloadStrategy::Pourable
+  include Kernel
+  requires_ancestor { AbstractDownloadStrategy }
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/patch.rb b/Library/Homebrew/patch.rb
index 9640e8eda9..aac65d171f 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/patch.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/patch.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# typed: false
+# typed: true
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require "resource"
@@ -141,14 +141,14 @@ class ExternalPatch
       patch_dir = Pathname.pwd
       if patch_files.empty?
         children = patch_dir.children
-        if children.length != 1 || !children.first.file?
+        if children.length != 1 || !children.fetch(0).file?
           raise MissingApplyError, <<~EOS
             There should be exactly one patch file in the staging directory unless
             the "apply" method was used one or more times in the patch-do block.
           EOS
         end
 
-        patch_files << children.first.basename
+        patch_files << children.fetch(0).basename
       end
       dir = base_dir
       dir /= resource.directory if resource.directory.present?
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/pkg_version.rb b/Library/Homebrew/pkg_version.rb
index 56e7e819e4..fdb4aa75a7 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/pkg_version.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/pkg_version.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# typed: false
+# typed: true
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require "version"
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/pkg_version.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/pkg_version.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c49afd3a5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/pkg_version.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# typed: strict
+
+class PkgVersion
+  # This is a workaround to enable `alias eql? ==`
+  # @see https://github.com/sorbet/sorbet/issues/2378#issuecomment-569474238
+  sig { params(arg0: BasicObject).returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def ==(arg0); end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/style.rb b/Library/Homebrew/style.rb
index d34631ca15..4fc8319d4a 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/style.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/style.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# typed: false
+# typed: true
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require "shellwords"
@@ -8,11 +8,9 @@ module Homebrew
   #
   # @api private
   module Style
-    module_function
-
     # Checks style for a list of files, printing simple RuboCop output.
     # Returns true if violations were found, false otherwise.
-    def check_style_and_print(files, **options)
+    def self.check_style_and_print(files, **options)
       success = check_style_impl(files, :print, **options)
 
       if ENV["GITHUB_ACTIONS"] && !success
@@ -32,11 +30,11 @@ module Homebrew
 
     # Checks style for a list of files, returning results as an {Offenses}
     # object parsed from its JSON output.
-    def check_style_json(files, **options)
+    def self.check_style_json(files, **options)
       check_style_impl(files, :json, **options)
     end
 
-    def check_style_impl(files, output_type,
+    def self.check_style_impl(files, output_type,
                          fix: false,
                          except_cops: nil, only_cops: nil,
                          display_cop_names: false,
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@ module Homebrew
 
     RUBOCOP = (HOMEBREW_LIBRARY_PATH/"utils/rubocop.rb").freeze
 
-    def run_rubocop(files, output_type,
+    def self.run_rubocop(files, output_type,
                     fix: false, except_cops: nil, only_cops: nil, display_cop_names: false, reset_cache: false,
                     debug: false, verbose: false)
       Homebrew.install_bundler_gems!
@@ -160,7 +158,7 @@ module Homebrew
       end
     end
 
-    def run_shellcheck(files, output_type, fix: false)
+    def self.run_shellcheck(files, output_type, fix: false)
       files = shell_scripts if files.blank?
 
       files = files.map(&:realpath) # use absolute file paths
@@ -230,7 +228,7 @@ module Homebrew
       end
     end
 
-    def run_shfmt(files, fix: false)
+    def self.run_shfmt(files, fix: false)
       files = shell_scripts if files.blank?
       # Do not format completions and Dockerfile
       files.delete(HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY/"completions/bash/brew")
@@ -243,7 +241,7 @@ module Homebrew
       $CHILD_STATUS.success?
     end
 
-    def json_result!(result)
+    def self.json_result!(result)
       # An exit status of 1 just means violations were found; other numbers mean
       # execution errors.
       # JSON needs to be at least 2 characters.
@@ -252,7 +250,7 @@ module Homebrew
       JSON.parse(result.stdout)
     end
 
-    def shell_scripts
+    def self.shell_scripts
       [
         HOMEBREW_BREW_FILE,
         HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY/"completions/bash/brew",
@@ -271,12 +269,12 @@ module Homebrew
       ]
     end
 
-    def shellcheck
+    def self.shellcheck
       ensure_formula_installed!("shellcheck", latest: true,
                                               reason: "shell style checks").opt_bin/"shellcheck"
     end
 
-    def shfmt
+    def self.shfmt
       ensure_formula_installed!("shfmt", latest: true,
                                          reason: "formatting shell scripts")
       HOMEBREW_LIBRARY/"Homebrew/utils/shfmt.sh"
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/utils/git.rb b/Library/Homebrew/utils/git.rb
index 525ee03cad..54007e24b8 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/utils/git.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/utils/git.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# typed: false
+# typed: true
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Utils
@@ -9,45 +9,43 @@ module Utils
   module Git
     extend T::Sig
 
-    module_function
-
-    def available?
+    def self.available?
       version.present?
     end
 
-    def version
+    def self.version
       return @version if defined?(@version)
 
       stdout, _, status = system_command(git, args: ["--version"], verbose: false, print_stderr: false)
       @version = status.success? ? stdout.chomp[/git version (\d+(?:\.\d+)*)/, 1] : nil
     end
 
-    def path
+    def self.path
       return unless available?
       return @path if defined?(@path)
 
       @path = Utils.popen_read(git, "--homebrew=print-path").chomp.presence
     end
 
-    def git
+    def self.git
       return @git if defined?(@git)
 
       @git = HOMEBREW_SHIMS_PATH/"shared/git"
     end
 
-    def remote_exists?(url)
+    def self.remote_exists?(url)
       return true unless available?
 
       quiet_system "git", "ls-remote", url
     end
 
-    def clear_available_cache
+    def self.clear_available_cache
       remove_instance_variable(:@version) if defined?(@version)
       remove_instance_variable(:@path) if defined?(@path)
       remove_instance_variable(:@git) if defined?(@git)
     end
 
-    def last_revision_commit_of_file(repo, file, before_commit: nil)
+    def self.last_revision_commit_of_file(repo, file, before_commit: nil)
       args = if before_commit.nil?
         ["--skip=1"]
       else
@@ -57,7 +55,7 @@ module Utils
       Utils.popen_read(git, "-C", repo, "log", "--format=%h", "--abbrev=7", "--max-count=1", *args, "--", file).chomp
     end
 
-    def last_revision_commit_of_files(repo, files, before_commit: nil)
+    def self.last_revision_commit_of_files(repo, files, before_commit: nil)
       args = if before_commit.nil?
         ["--skip=1"]
       else
@@ -82,19 +80,19 @@ module Utils
       params(repo: T.any(Pathname, String), file: T.any(Pathname, String), before_commit: T.nilable(String))
         .returns(String)
     }
-    def last_revision_of_file(repo, file, before_commit: nil)
+    def self.last_revision_of_file(repo, file, before_commit: nil)
       relative_file = Pathname(file).relative_path_from(repo)
       commit_hash = last_revision_commit_of_file(repo, relative_file, before_commit: before_commit)
       file_at_commit(repo, file, commit_hash)
     end
 
-    def file_at_commit(repo, file, commit)
+    def self.file_at_commit(repo, file, commit)
       relative_file = Pathname(file)
       relative_file = relative_file.relative_path_from(repo) if relative_file.absolute?
       Utils.popen_read(git, "-C", repo, "show", "#{commit}:#{relative_file}")
     end
 
-    def ensure_installed!
+    def self.ensure_installed!
       return if available?
 
       # we cannot install brewed git if homebrew/core is unavailable.
@@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ module Utils
       raise "Git is unavailable" unless available?
     end
 
-    def set_name_email!(author: true, committer: true)
+    def self.set_name_email!(author: true, committer: true)
       if Homebrew::EnvConfig.git_name
         ENV["GIT_AUTHOR_NAME"] = Homebrew::EnvConfig.git_name if author
         ENV["GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"] = Homebrew::EnvConfig.git_name if committer
@@ -126,17 +124,16 @@ module Utils
       ENV["GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"] = Homebrew::EnvConfig.git_email if committer
     end
 
-    def setup_gpg!
+    def self.setup_gpg!
       gnupg_bin = HOMEBREW_PREFIX/"opt/gnupg/bin"
       return unless gnupg_bin.directory?
 
-      ENV["PATH"] = PATH.new(ENV.fetch("PATH"))
-                        .prepend(gnupg_bin)
+      ENV["PATH"] = PATH.new(ENV.fetch("PATH")).prepend(gnupg_bin).to_s
     end
 
     # Special case of `git cherry-pick` that permits non-verbose output and
     # optional resolution on merge conflict.
-    def cherry_pick!(repo, *args, resolve: false, verbose: false)
+    def self.cherry_pick!(repo, *args, resolve: false, verbose: false)
       cmd = [git, "-C", repo, "cherry-pick"] + args
       output = Utils.popen_read(*cmd, err: :out)
       if $CHILD_STATUS.success?
@@ -148,7 +145,7 @@ module Utils
       end
     end
 
-    def supports_partial_clone_sparse_checkout?
+    def self.supports_partial_clone_sparse_checkout?
       # There is some support for partial clones prior to 2.20, but we avoid using it
       # due to performance issues
       Version.create(version) >= Version.create("2.20.0")
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/utils/github.rb b/Library/Homebrew/utils/github.rb
index 01ed527f82..7429f59da9 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/utils/github.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/utils/github.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# typed: false
+# typed: true
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require "uri"
@@ -15,9 +15,7 @@ module GitHub
 
   include SystemCommand::Mixin
 
-  module_function
-
-  def check_runs(repo: nil, commit: nil, pr: nil)
+  def self.check_runs(repo: nil, commit: nil, pr: nil)
     if pr
       repo = pr.fetch("base").fetch("repo").fetch("full_name")
       commit = pr.fetch("head").fetch("sha")
@@ -26,83 +24,83 @@ module GitHub
     API.open_rest(url_to("repos", repo, "commits", commit, "check-runs"))
   end
 
-  def create_check_run(repo:, data:)
+  def self.create_check_run(repo:, data:)
     API.open_rest(url_to("repos", repo, "check-runs"), data: data)
   end
 
-  def issues(repo:, **filters)
+  def self.issues(repo:, **filters)
     uri = url_to("repos", repo, "issues")
     uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(filters)
     API.open_rest(uri)
   end
 
-  def search_issues(query, **qualifiers)
+  def self.search_issues(query, **qualifiers)
     search_results_items("issues", query, **qualifiers)
   end
 
-  def count_issues(query, **qualifiers)
+  def self.count_issues(query, **qualifiers)
     search_results_count("issues", query, **qualifiers)
   end
 
-  def create_gist(files, description, private:)
+  def self.create_gist(files, description, private:)
     url = "#{API_URL}/gists"
     data = { "public" => !private, "files" => files, "description" => description }
     API.open_rest(url, data: data, scopes: CREATE_GIST_SCOPES)["html_url"]
   end
 
-  def create_issue(repo, title, body)
+  def self.create_issue(repo, title, body)
     url = "#{API_URL}/repos/#{repo}/issues"
     data = { "title" => title, "body" => body }
     API.open_rest(url, data: data, scopes: CREATE_ISSUE_FORK_OR_PR_SCOPES)["html_url"]
   end
 
-  def repository(user, repo)
+  def self.repository(user, repo)
     API.open_rest(url_to("repos", user, repo))
   end
 
-  def search_code(repo: nil, user: "Homebrew", path: ["Formula", "Casks", "."], filename: nil, extension: "rb")
+  def self.search_code(repo: nil, user: "Homebrew", path: ["Formula", "Casks", "."], filename: nil, extension: "rb")
     search_results_items("code", user: user, path: path, filename: filename, extension: extension, repo: repo)
   end
 
-  def issues_for_formula(name, tap: CoreTap.instance, tap_remote_repo: tap&.full_name, state: nil)
+  def self.issues_for_formula(name, tap: CoreTap.instance, tap_remote_repo: tap&.full_name, state: nil)
     return [] unless tap_remote_repo
 
     search_issues(name, repo: tap_remote_repo, state: state, in: "title")
   end
 
-  def user
+  def self.user
     @user ||= API.open_rest("#{API_URL}/user")
   end
 
-  def permission(repo, user)
+  def self.permission(repo, user)
     API.open_rest("#{API_URL}/repos/#{repo}/collaborators/#{user}/permission")
   end
 
-  def write_access?(repo, user = nil)
+  def self.write_access?(repo, user = nil)
     user ||= self.user["login"]
     ["admin", "write"].include?(permission(repo, user)["permission"])
   end
 
-  def branch_exists?(user, repo, branch)
+  def self.branch_exists?(user, repo, branch)
     API.open_rest("#{API_URL}/repos/#{user}/#{repo}/branches/#{branch}")
     true
   rescue API::HTTPNotFoundError
     false
   end
 
-  def pull_requests(repo, **options)
+  def self.pull_requests(repo, **options)
     url = "#{API_URL}/repos/#{repo}/pulls?#{URI.encode_www_form(options)}"
     API.open_rest(url)
   end
 
-  def merge_pull_request(repo, number:, sha:, merge_method:, commit_message: nil)
+  def self.merge_pull_request(repo, number:, sha:, merge_method:, commit_message: nil)
     url = "#{API_URL}/repos/#{repo}/pulls/#{number}/merge"
     data = { sha: sha, merge_method: merge_method }
     data[:commit_message] = commit_message if commit_message
     API.open_rest(url, data: data, request_method: :PUT, scopes: CREATE_ISSUE_FORK_OR_PR_SCOPES)
   end
 
-  def print_pull_requests_matching(query, only = nil)
+  def self.print_pull_requests_matching(query, only = nil)
     open_or_closed_prs = search_issues(query, is: only, type: "pr", user: "Homebrew")
 
     open_prs, closed_prs = open_or_closed_prs.partition { |pr| pr["state"] == "open" }
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ module GitHub
     puts "No pull requests found for #{query.inspect}" if open_prs.blank? && closed_prs.blank?
   end
 
-  def create_fork(repo, org: nil)
+  def self.create_fork(repo, org: nil)
     url = "#{API_URL}/repos/#{repo}/forks"
     data = {}
     data[:organization] = org if org
@@ -133,7 +131,7 @@ module GitHub
     API.open_rest(url, data: data, scopes: scopes)
   end
 
-  def fork_exists?(repo, org: nil)
+  def self.fork_exists?(repo, org: nil)
     _, reponame = repo.split("/")
 
     username = org || API.open_rest(url_to("user")) { |json| json["login"] }
@@ -144,19 +142,19 @@ module GitHub
     true
   end
 
-  def create_pull_request(repo, title, head, base, body)
+  def self.create_pull_request(repo, title, head, base, body)
     url = "#{API_URL}/repos/#{repo}/pulls"
     data = { title: title, head: head, base: base, body: body }
     scopes = CREATE_ISSUE_FORK_OR_PR_SCOPES
     API.open_rest(url, data: data, scopes: scopes)
   end
 
-  def private_repo?(full_name)
+  def self.private_repo?(full_name)
     uri = url_to "repos", full_name
     API.open_rest(uri) { |json| json["private"] }
   end
 
-  def search_query_string(*main_params, **qualifiers)
+  def self.search_query_string(*main_params, **qualifiers)
     params = main_params
 
     if (args = qualifiers.fetch(:args, nil))
@@ -176,27 +174,27 @@ module GitHub
     "q=#{URI.encode_www_form_component(params.compact.join(" "))}&per_page=100"
   end
 
-  def url_to(*subroutes)
+  def self.url_to(*subroutes)
     URI.parse([API_URL, *subroutes].join("/"))
   end
 
-  def search(entity, *queries, **qualifiers)
+  def self.search(entity, *queries, **qualifiers)
     uri = url_to "search", entity
     uri.query = search_query_string(*queries, **qualifiers)
     API.open_rest(uri)
   end
 
-  def search_results_items(entity, *queries, **qualifiers)
+  def self.search_results_items(entity, *queries, **qualifiers)
     json = search(entity, *queries, **qualifiers)
     json.fetch("items", [])
   end
 
-  def search_results_count(entity, *queries, **qualifiers)
+  def self.search_results_count(entity, *queries, **qualifiers)
     json = search(entity, *queries, **qualifiers)
     json.fetch("total_count", 0)
   end
 
-  def approved_reviews(user, repo, pr, commit: nil)
+  def self.approved_reviews(user, repo, pr, commit: nil)
     query = <<~EOS
       { repository(name: "#{repo}", owner: "#{user}") {
           pullRequest(number: #{pr}) {
@@ -237,38 +235,38 @@ module GitHub
     end.compact
   end
 
-  def dispatch_event(user, repo, event, **payload)
+  def self.dispatch_event(user, repo, event, **payload)
     url = "#{API_URL}/repos/#{user}/#{repo}/dispatches"
     API.open_rest(url, data:           { event_type: event, client_payload: payload },
                        request_method: :POST,
                        scopes:         CREATE_ISSUE_FORK_OR_PR_SCOPES)
   end
 
-  def workflow_dispatch_event(user, repo, workflow, ref, **inputs)
+  def self.workflow_dispatch_event(user, repo, workflow, ref, **inputs)
     url = "#{API_URL}/repos/#{user}/#{repo}/actions/workflows/#{workflow}/dispatches"
     API.open_rest(url, data:           { ref: ref, inputs: inputs },
                        request_method: :POST,
                        scopes:         CREATE_ISSUE_FORK_OR_PR_SCOPES)
   end
 
-  def get_release(user, repo, tag)
+  def self.get_release(user, repo, tag)
     url = "#{API_URL}/repos/#{user}/#{repo}/releases/tags/#{tag}"
     API.open_rest(url, request_method: :GET)
   end
 
-  def get_latest_release(user, repo)
+  def self.get_latest_release(user, repo)
     url = "#{API_URL}/repos/#{user}/#{repo}/releases/latest"
     API.open_rest(url, request_method: :GET)
   end
 
-  def generate_release_notes(user, repo, tag, previous_tag: nil)
+  def self.generate_release_notes(user, repo, tag, previous_tag: nil)
     url = "#{API_URL}/repos/#{user}/#{repo}/releases/generate-notes"
     data = { tag_name: tag }
     data[:previous_tag_name] = previous_tag if previous_tag.present?
     API.open_rest(url, data: data, request_method: :POST, scopes: CREATE_ISSUE_FORK_OR_PR_SCOPES)
   end
 
-  def create_or_update_release(user, repo, tag, id: nil, name: nil, body: nil, draft: false)
+  def self.create_or_update_release(user, repo, tag, id: nil, name: nil, body: nil, draft: false)
     url = "#{API_URL}/repos/#{user}/#{repo}/releases"
     method = if id
       url += "/#{id}"
@@ -285,13 +283,13 @@ module GitHub
     API.open_rest(url, data: data, request_method: method, scopes: CREATE_ISSUE_FORK_OR_PR_SCOPES)
   end
 
-  def upload_release_asset(user, repo, id, local_file: nil, remote_file: nil)
+  def self.upload_release_asset(user, repo, id, local_file: nil, remote_file: nil)
     url = "https://uploads.github.com/repos/#{user}/#{repo}/releases/#{id}/assets"
     url += "?name=#{remote_file}" if remote_file
     API.open_rest(url, data_binary_path: local_file, request_method: :POST, scopes: CREATE_ISSUE_FORK_OR_PR_SCOPES)
   end
 
-  def get_workflow_run(user, repo, pr, workflow_id: "tests.yml", artifact_name: "bottles")
+  def self.get_workflow_run(user, repo, pr, workflow_id: "tests.yml", artifact_name: "bottles")
     scopes = CREATE_ISSUE_FORK_OR_PR_SCOPES
 
     # GraphQL unfortunately has no way to get the workflow yml name, so we need an extra REST call.
@@ -344,7 +342,7 @@ module GitHub
     [check_suite, user, repo, pr, workflow_id, scopes, artifact_name]
   end
 
-  def get_artifact_url(workflow_array)
+  def self.get_artifact_url(workflow_array)
     check_suite, user, repo, pr, workflow_id, scopes, artifact_name = *workflow_array
     if check_suite.empty?
       raise API::Error, <<~EOS
@@ -379,7 +377,7 @@ module GitHub
     artifact.last["archive_download_url"]
   end
 
-  def public_member_usernames(org, per_page: 100)
+  def self.public_member_usernames(org, per_page: 100)
     url = "#{API_URL}/orgs/#{org}/public_members"
     members = []
 
@@ -391,7 +389,7 @@ module GitHub
     end
   end
 
-  def members_by_team(org, team)
+  def self.members_by_team(org, team)
     query = <<~EOS
         { organization(login: "#{org}") {
           teams(first: 100) {
@@ -420,11 +418,11 @@ module GitHub
     result["organization"]["team"]["members"]["nodes"].to_h { |member| [member["login"], member["name"]] }
   end
 
-  def sponsorships(user)
-    has_next_page = true
+  def self.sponsorships(user)
+    has_next_page = T.let(true, T::Boolean)
     after = ""
-    sponsorships = []
-    errors = []
+    sponsorships = T.let([], T::Array[Hash])
+    errors = T.let([], T::Array[Hash])
     while has_next_page
       query = <<~EOS
           { organization(login: "#{user}") {
@@ -494,7 +492,7 @@ module GitHub
     end
   end
 
-  def get_repo_license(user, repo)
+  def self.get_repo_license(user, repo)
     response = API.open_rest("#{API_URL}/repos/#{user}/#{repo}/license")
     return unless response.key?("license")
 
@@ -503,7 +501,7 @@ module GitHub
     nil
   end
 
-  def fetch_pull_requests(name, tap_remote_repo, state: nil, version: nil)
+  def self.fetch_pull_requests(name, tap_remote_repo, state: nil, version: nil)
     if version.present?
       query = "#{name} #{version} is:pr"
       regex = /(^|\s)#{Regexp.quote(name)}(:|,|\s)(.*\s)?#{Regexp.quote(version)}(:|,|\s|$)/i
@@ -519,7 +517,7 @@ module GitHub
     []
   end
 
-  def check_for_duplicate_pull_requests(name, tap_remote_repo, state:, file:, args:, version: nil)
+  def self.check_for_duplicate_pull_requests(name, tap_remote_repo, state:, file:, args:, version: nil)
     pull_requests = fetch_pull_requests(name, tap_remote_repo, state: state, version: version).select do |pr|
       get_pull_request_changed_files(
         tap_remote_repo, pr["number"]
@@ -544,11 +542,11 @@ module GitHub
     end
   end
 
-  def get_pull_request_changed_files(tap_remote_repo, pr)
+  def self.get_pull_request_changed_files(tap_remote_repo, pr)
     API.open_rest(url_to("repos", tap_remote_repo, "pulls", pr, "files"))
   end
 
-  def forked_repo_info!(tap_remote_repo, org: nil)
+  def self.forked_repo_info!(tap_remote_repo, org: nil)
     response = create_fork(tap_remote_repo, org: org)
     # GitHub API responds immediately but fork takes a few seconds to be ready.
     sleep 1 until fork_exists?(tap_remote_repo, org: org)
@@ -565,7 +563,7 @@ module GitHub
     [remote_url, username]
   end
 
-  def create_bump_pr(info, args:)
+  def self.create_bump_pr(info, args:)
     tap = info[:tap]
     sourcefile_path = info[:sourcefile_path]
     old_contents = info[:old_contents]
@@ -658,7 +656,7 @@ module GitHub
     end
   end
 
-  def pull_request_commits(user, repo, pr, per_page: 100)
+  def self.pull_request_commits(user, repo, pr, per_page: 100)
     pr_data = API.open_rest(url_to("repos", user, repo, "pulls", pr))
     commits_api = pr_data["commits_url"]
     commit_count = pr_data["commits"]
@@ -679,12 +677,12 @@ module GitHub
     end
   end
 
-  def pull_request_labels(user, repo, pr)
+  def self.pull_request_labels(user, repo, pr)
     pr_data = API.open_rest(url_to("repos", user, repo, "pulls", pr))
     pr_data["labels"].map { |label| label["name"] }
   end
 
-  def last_commit(user, repo, ref)
+  def self.last_commit(user, repo, ref, version)
     return if Homebrew::EnvConfig.no_github_api?
 
     output, _, status = curl_output(
@@ -702,7 +700,7 @@ module GitHub
     commit
   end
 
-  def multiple_short_commits_exist?(user, repo, commit)
+  def self.multiple_short_commits_exist?(user, repo, commit)
     return if Homebrew::EnvConfig.no_github_api?
 
     output, _, status = curl_output(
@@ -717,7 +715,7 @@ module GitHub
     output[/^Status: (200)/, 1] != "200"
   end
 
-  def repo_commits_for_user(nwo, user, filter, args)
+  def self.repo_commits_for_user(nwo, user, filter, args)
     return if Homebrew::EnvConfig.no_github_api?
 
     params = ["#{filter}=#{user}"]
@@ -731,7 +729,7 @@ module GitHub
     commits
   end
 
-  def count_repo_commits(nwo, user, filter, args)
+  def self.count_repo_commits(nwo, user, filter, args)
     return if Homebrew::EnvConfig.no_github_api?
 
     author_shas = repo_commits_for_user(nwo, user, "author", args)